Tiyeni tione ubwino ndi kuipa kwa iliyonse ya nyali zimenezi apa.
1.Nyali za incandescent
Nyali za incandescent zimatchedwanso mababu.Zimagwira ntchito popanga kutentha pamene magetsi akudutsa mu filament.Kutentha kwa filament kumapangitsa kuti kuwala kukhale kowala kwambiri.Imatchedwa nyali ya incandescent.
Pamene nyali ya incandescent imatulutsa kuwala, mphamvu yaikulu yamagetsi imasandulika kukhala mphamvu ya kutentha, ndipo zochepa kwambiri zimatha kusinthidwa kukhala mphamvu yowunikira yothandiza.
Kuwala komwe kumapangidwa ndi nyali za incandescent ndi kuwala kwamitundu yonse, koma kuchuluka kwa kuwala kwamtundu uliwonse kumatsimikiziridwa ndi zinthu za luminescent (tungsten) ndi kutentha.
Moyo wa nyali ya incandescent umagwirizana ndi kutentha kwa filament, chifukwa kutentha kwapamwamba, kumakhala kosavuta kuti filament ikhale sublimate.Pamene waya wa tungsten umatsitsidwa kukhala woonda kwambiri, zimakhala zosavuta kuwotcha pambuyo popatsidwa mphamvu, motero kutha moyo wa nyali.Choncho, mphamvu ya nyali ya incandescent imakhala yowonjezereka, imakhala yochepa kwambiri.
Zoipa: Pazinthu zonse zounikira zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito magetsi, nyali za incandescent ndizochepa kwambiri.Gawo laling'ono chabe la mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimadya zimatha kusinthidwa kukhala mphamvu zowunikira, ndipo zina zonse zimatayika ngati mphamvu ya kutentha.Ponena za nthawi yowunikira, nthawi yamoyo wa nyali zotere nthawi zambiri simadutsa maola 1000.
2. nyali za fulorosenti
Momwe zimagwirira ntchito: chubu la fulorosenti ndi chubu chotsekeka chotulutsa mpweya.
Chubu cha fulorosenti chimadalira maatomu a mercury a chubu la nyali kuti amasule kuwala kwa ultraviolet kupyolera mu kutuluka kwa gasi.Pafupifupi 60% ya magetsi amatha kusinthidwa kukhala kuwala kwa UV.Mphamvu zina zimasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu ya kutentha.
Chinthu cha fulorosenti cha mkati mwa chubu cha fulorosenti chimatenga kuwala kwa ultraviolet ndikutulutsa kuwala kowonekera.Zinthu zosiyanasiyana za fulorosenti zimatulutsa kuwala kosiyanasiyana.
Nthawi zambiri, kusinthika kwa kuwala kwa ultraviolet kukhala kuwala kowoneka ndi pafupifupi 40%.Choncho, mphamvu ya nyali ya fulorosenti ndi pafupifupi 60% x 40% = 24%.
Zoipa: Kuipa kwanyali za fulorosentindikuti kupanga ndi kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe pambuyo pa kuchotsedwa, makamaka kuipitsidwa kwa mercury, sizogwirizana ndi chilengedwe.Ndi kusintha kwa ndondomekoyi, kuipitsa kwa amalgam kumachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono.
3. nyali zopulumutsa mphamvu
Nyali zopulumutsa mphamvu, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti compact fulorescent nyali (chidule mongaNyali za CFLkunja), kukhala ndi ubwino wowala kwambiri (nthawi 5 kuposa mababu wamba), mphamvu zodziwikiratu zopulumutsa mphamvu, komanso moyo wautali (nthawi 8 kuposa mababu wamba).Kukula kochepa komanso kosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.Zimagwira ntchito mofanana ndi nyali ya fulorosenti.
Zoyipa: Ma radiation a electromagnetic a nyali zopulumutsa mphamvu amabweranso chifukwa cha ma ionization a ma elekitironi ndi mpweya wa mercury.Nthawi yomweyo, nyali zopulumutsa mphamvu zimayenera kuwonjezera ma phosphor osowa padziko lapansi.Chifukwa cha ma radioactivity a phosphors osowa padziko lapansi, nyali zopulumutsa mphamvu zidzatulutsanso ma radiation a ionizing.Poyerekeza ndi kusatsimikizika kwa ma radiation a electromagnetic, kuvulaza kwa ma radiation ochulukirapo m'thupi la munthu ndikofunikira kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya nyali zopulumutsa mphamvu, mercury mu chubu la nyali iyenera kukhala gwero lalikulu la kuipitsa.
4.Nyali za LED
LED (Light Emitting Diode), diode-emitting diode, ndi chipangizo cholimba cha semiconductor chomwe chingasinthe mphamvu yamagetsi kukhala kuwala kowoneka, komwe kungasinthe magetsi kukhala kuwala.Mtima wa LED ndi chip semiconductor chip, mbali imodzi ya chip imamangiriridwa ku bulaketi, mapeto amodzi ndi electrode yolakwika, ndipo mapeto ena amagwirizanitsidwa ndi electrode yabwino yamagetsi, kotero kuti chip chonsecho chimatsekedwa. ndi epoxy resin.
Chophika chophatikizira cha semiconductor chimakhala ndi magawo awiri, gawo limodzi ndi semiconductor yamtundu wa P, momwe mabowo amalamulira, ndipo kumapeto kwake ndi semiconductor yamtundu wa N, pomwe ma elekitironi amakhala makamaka.Koma pamene ma semiconductors awiriwa alumikizidwa, mgwirizano wa PN umapangidwa pakati pawo.Pamene zinthu zamakono zikugwira ntchito pamtengowo kudzera muwaya, ma electron adzakankhidwira ku dera la P, kumene ma electron ndi mabowo amalumikizananso, ndiyeno amatulutsa mphamvu ngati photons, yomwe ndi mfundo ya kuwala kwa LED.Kutalika kwa kuwala, komwe kulinso mtundu wa kuwala, kumatsimikiziridwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimapanga mphambano ya PN.
Zoyipa: Magetsi a LED ndi okwera mtengo kuposa zowunikira zina.
Mwachidule, magetsi a LED ali ndi ubwino wambiri kuposa magetsi ena, ndipo magetsi a LED adzakhala owunikira kwambiri m'tsogolomu.